'STERILITY  IS  LAID.' 


PROF.     VILLE'S 

NEW  SYSTEM  OF  AGRICULTURE. 


AN  ADDRESS 


DELIVERED    BEFORE   TUB 


BEDFORD,  N.  H.,  FARMERS'  CLUB, 


FEBRUARY  28,  1868. 


JOHN    A.    RIDDLE,    ESQ 


Published  by  Bequest  of  Club. 


PRICE     TWENTY-FIVE     CENTS. 


Address   SOLOMON  MANNING,  Sec'y  of  Club,  Bedford,  N.  H., 
Or  JOHN  A.  RIDDLE,  Manchester,  N.  H. 


MANCHESTER: 

PRINTED  BY    CHARLES    F.    LIVINGSTON,    SMYTH'S   BLOCK. 
1868. 


., 


STERILITY  IS  LAID. 


PROF.     VILLE'S 

NEW  SYSTEM  OF  AGRICULTURE. 


AN  ADDRESS 


DELIVERED    BEFORE   THK 


BEDFORD,  N.  H,  FARMERS'  CLUB, 


FEBRUARY  28,  1868. 
BY 


JOHN    A.   RIDDLE,    ESQ 


Published  by  Request  of  Club. 


PRICE     TWENTY-FIVE     CENTS. 


Address   SOLOMON  MANNING,  Sec'y  of  Club,  Bedford,  N.  H., 
Or  JOHN  A.  RIDDLE,  Manchester,  N.  H. 


MANCHESTER: 

PRINTED    BY    CHARLES    F.    LIVINGSTON,    SMYTH*S    BLOCK, 
1868. 


BEDFORD  (N.  H.)  FARMERS'  CLUB. 


COL.  GEORGE  W.  RIDDLE,  Chaiiman. 
SOLOMON   MANNING,  E*}.,  Secretary. 


NEW   HAMPSHIRE   STATE    AGRICULTURAL    SOCIETY. 


Hos.  FREDERICK  SMYTH,  Manchester,  President. 
AARON    YOUNG,  ESQ.,  Portsmouth,  Secretary. 
COL.  GEORGE  W.  RIDDLE,  Bedford,  Treasurer. 
GKX.  NATT  HEAD,  Hooksett. 

DIIIECTOKS. 

HON.  DAVID  GILLIS,  Nashua. 
WARREN  F.  DANIELL,  ESQ.,  Franklin. 
EDWARD  GUSTINE,  ESQ.,  Keene. 
J.  W.  COGSWELL,  ESQ.,  Gilmanton. 


ADDRESS. 


It  has  long  been  conceded  that  if  the  ordinary  farmer  could 
ascertain  the  essential  constituents  of  the  soil  of  each  field  he  was 
cultivating,  so  that  he  could  adapt  his  crops  to  the  soil,  it  would 
be  of  vast  advantage  to  him. 

In  this  early  day  of  Agricultural  Colleges,  few  farmers  possess 
the  requsite  knowledge  to  make  an  analysis  of  soils  in  accordance 
with  present  chemical  rules  ;  and  if  they  did,  such  are  the  imper- 
fections of  that  system  that  little  practical  good  would  be  derived 
therefrom. 

While  we  were  engaged  in  suppressing  a  gigantic  rebellion 
which  threatened  the  very  life  of  our  country,  a  man  in  Europe, 
having  every  advantage  of  position  and  science,  perfected  a  sys- 
tem, which,  having  been  tested  from  flower -pots  to  large  fields, 
culminated  in  presence  of  hundreds  of  farmers  and  others  who 
had  met  to  witness  the  crops  as  they  were  being  harvested,  and 
convinced  the  most  incredulous. 

An  English  writer  says  :  "  It  is  not  extravagant  in  stating  that 
light  has  thus  replaced  darkness ;  that  order  has  succeeded  chaos, 
and  that  the  phantom  of  sterility  is  laid." 

An  American  writer  says  :  "  It  is  impossible  to  doubt  or  ques- 
tion the  importance  of  his  investigations." 

For  four  years  previous  to  1864,  many  curious  visitors  were 
shown  plots  of  ground  manured  and  sown  in  accordance  with  Prof. 
VIT.LE'S  system.  Some  of  them  had  been  planted  four  times  in 
succession  with  the  same;  kind  of  crop,  giving  at  the  commence- 
ment what  he  calls  a  complete  manure,  and  adding  yearly  the  in- 
gredients principally  absorbed  by  the  crop.  Upon  others  the  crops 
were  changed  yearly,  so  that  each  year  the  particular  crop  required 
principally  a  different  agent,  then,  after  passing  through  the  series 
furnished  by  the  complete  manure,  the  ingredient  principally  re- 


quired  by  the  crop  proposed  should  be  added  till  the  crop  showed, 
by  a  falling  off,  that  the  complete  manure  was  again  wanted.  Un- 
der these  circumstances  the  crops  reached  to  results  of  irrefutable- 
eloquence.  Still  other  plots  with  one  and  another  of  the  elements 
omitted,  in  which  vegetation  was  feeble  and  almost  nothing  in  pro- 
portion to  the  quantity  and  quality  of  the  element  omitted,  thus 
furnishing  a  means  of  ascertaining  the  comparative  richness  of 
soils. 

Agriculture  has  little  need  to  concern  itself  about  the  ingredients 
which  are  found  in  sufficient  quantity  in  nearly  all  soils,  as  silica, 
alumina,  manganese,  iron,  chlorine,  etc. ;  but  to  those  which  exist 
in  slight  proportions,  and  which  are  essential  to  the  growth  of 
plants,  since  vegetation  is  impossible  without  them,  as  phosphate 
of  lime,  potash,  and  lime. 

Each  plant  contains  all  these  essentials ;  but  in  different  propor- 
tions, as  wheat,  corn,  barley,  rye,  etc.,  contain  more  phosphate  ; 
beans,  peas,  potatoes,  etc.,  both  phosphate  and  potash;  hay,  etc., 
more  lime,  The  phosphate  of  lime  is  largely  obtained  from  bone, 
and  no  farmer  should  allow  a  single  one  to  be  lost.  Dr.  NICHOLS  , 
in  his  "  Chemistry  of  the  Farm  and  Sea,''  gives  the  following 
directions  for  preparing  bones  : 

"Take  a  sound  common  molasses  cask,  divide  in  the  middle 
with  a  saw,  into  one  half  of  this  place  half  a  barrel  of  finely  - 
ground  bone,  and  moisten  it  with  two  buckets  of  water,  using  a 
hoe  in  mixing.  Have  ready  a  carboy  of  oil  of  vitriol  and  a  stone 
pitcher  holding  one  gallon.  Turn  out  this  full  of  the  acid,  and 
gradually  add  it  to  the  bone,  constantly  stirring.  As  soon  as  effer- 
vescence subsides,  fill  it  again  with  acid  and  add  as  before ;  allow 
it  to  remain  over  night,  and  in  the  morning  repeat  the  operation, 
adding  two  more  gallons  of  acid.  When  the  mass  is  quiet,  add 
about  two  gallons  more  of  water,  and  then  gradually  mix  the  re- 
maining half  barrel  of  bone  and  allow  it  to  rest.  The  next  day  it 
may  be  spread  upon  a  floor,  where  it  will  dry  speedily  if  the  weath- 
er is  warm.'  A  barrel  of  good  loam  may  be  mixed  with  it  in  dry- 
ing. It  may  be  beaten  fine  with  a  mallet,  or  ground  in  a  plaster 
mill.  If  several  casks  are  used,  two  men  can  prepare  a  ton  of 
excellent  superphosphate  after  this  method  in  a  day's  time. 

Again,  "Take  100  Ibs.  of  bone  beaten  into  fragments  small  as 
possible,  pack  them  in  a  tight  cask  or  box  with  100  Ibs.  of  good 


wood  ashes  ;  mix  with  the  ashes  before  packing  25  Ibs.  of  slaked 
lime  and  12  Ibs.  of  salsoda,  powdered  fine.  It  will  require  about 
20  gallons  of  water  to  saturate  the  mass,  but  more  may  be  added 
from  time  to  time  to  maintain  moisture.  In  two  or  three  weeks 
the  bones  will  be  broken  down  completely,  and  the  whole  mass 
may  be  turned  out  upon  a  floor,  and  mixed  with  two  bushels  of 
dry  peat  or  good  soil  and  after  drying  it  is  fit  for  use." 

Extensive  quarries  of  minerals,  containing  a  large  per  cent,  of 
phosphate  of  lime,  are  found  scattered  over  the  surface  of  the 
earth,  in  chalk,  coprolites,  fossil  bones,  nodules,  apatite,  &c. 

Potash  is  principally  obtained  from  wood  ashes ;  other  sources 
are  becoming  known,  as  the  water  of  the  first  washing  of  greasy 
wool,  the  mother  waters  in  the  manufacture  of  salt,  felspathic 
ro.cks,  &c.  A  French  agricultural  writer,  alluding  to  the  large 
quantity  of  potash  received  from  America,  says:  "It  is  an  excel- 
lent thing  that  the  wild  desert  should  be  impoverished  to  enrich 
the  industry  of  civilized  countries." 

Lime  is  obtained  from  the  inexhaustible  beds  of  limestone 
throughout  the  country. 

These  essential  elements  combined  with  a  nitrogenous  matter, 
and  added  to  any  kind  of  soil,  suffice  to  render  it  fertile  —  with 
them  plants  can  actually  be  fabricated. 

Nitrogenous  matter  is  that  which  contains  nitrogen  in  a  suitable 
condition  for  vegetation,  as  ammoniacal  salts  or  nitrates.  The 
sources  of  nitrogen  are  the  air,  ammonia  from  gas  works  and  sew- 
age water,  nitrate  of  soda  (saltpeter),  decomposed  animal  matter, 
urine,  &c.  (The  urine  of  a  single  individual  is  estimated  to  be  of 
more  value  in  a  year  than  a  cord  of  manure.)  No  dead  animal 
should  be  thrown  away,  but  put  into  the  compost  heap  to  make  a 
very  rich  and  valuable  manure  —  a  slight  covering  of  muck  or  loam 
will  absorb  the  ammonia  so  as  to  render  it  inoffensive. 

Prof.  ViLLii,  a  scientific  Frenchman,  after  fifteen  years'  experi- 
menting, substituted  for  soil  an  artifical  mixture,  all  the  elements 
of  which  were  clearly  defined.  In  this  way  he  succeeded  in  pro- 
ducing vegetation  in  pots  of  china  with  burnt  sand  and  perfectly 
pure  chemicals.  Under  these  circumstances  he  carried  on  the 
four  following  experiments,  viz  : 

1.  Burnt  sand  alone. 

2.  Sand  with  a  nitrogenous  substance. 


6 

3.  Sand  with  minerals  only.     (Phosphate  of  lime,  potash  and 
lime.) 

4.  Sand  with  the  nitrogenous  substam-e  and  minerals. 

He  sowed  on  the  same  day,  in  each  pot,  20  grains  of  the  same 
wheat,  of  the  same  weight  and  kept  them  moist  with  distilled  wa- 
ter during  the  entire  period  of  vegetation.  At  the  harvest  the  fol- 
lowing facts  were  observed,  viz : 

No.  1.  The  plant  was  very  feeble,  the  crop  dried,  weighed 
only  93  grains. 

No.  2.  The  crop  still  very  poor,  was,  however,  better  than 
No.  1,  —  it  weighed  140  grains. 

No.  3.  It  was  a  little  inferior  to  the  proceeding,  —  it  weighed 
123  grains. 

No.  4.     It  weighed  370  grains. 

From  these  experiments  we  conclude  that  each  of  the  agents 
fulfills  a  separate  and  a  combined  action,  as  the  effect  in  combina- 
tion was  much  better  than  that  produced  separately. 

With  nitrates,  lime  and  potash,  leaving  out  the  phosphate  of 
lime,  vegetation  is  not  possible  —  the  seeds  germinated  and  scarce- 
ly arrived  at  four  inches  in  height;  the  plants  withered  and  died. 
A  mixture  of  lime  and  potash  is,  therefore,  injurious  to  vegeta- 
tion, unless  united  with  phosphate  of  lime.  If  with  the  same 
agents  a  trace  (one  hundred  thousandth)  of  phosphate  of  lime  be 
added  you  will  obtain  a  plant — meagre,  it  is  true,  but  which  docs 
not  wither  and  die. 

With  phosphate  of  lime  in  sufficient  quantity,  the  crop  rises  to 
370  grains.  If  the  potash  be  left  out  the  plant  does  not  die,  but 
the  crop  is  inferior  to  that  given  by  nitrates  alone, — it  descends  to 
123  grains.  Potash  is  then  less  indispcnsiblc  than  phosphate  of 
lime,  as  its  absence  does  not,  as  with  the  phosphate,  cause  the 
death  of  the  plants.  Experiment  has  shown  that  soda  cannot  be 
substituted  for  potash.  No  substitute  of  the  essential  elements  of 
plant -food  is  possible  —  the  plant  detects  the  slightest  shade  of 
difference.  Without  potash,  soda  exercises  no  influence  upon  the 
yield  —  therefore  with  regard  to  wheat,  potash  is  of  the  first  im- 
portance.* 


•GEORGE  E.  WHITE,  E*q.,  of  Xew  Yorfc,  says;  "Experiments  have  led  me  to  believe  that 
with  kulplmto  of  lodfi  suli»tltuted  for  potash  In  tho  form"!"t  >'>e  same  or  nearly  the  same  result 
U  "bullied. 


In  the  absence  of  lime,  the  crop  weighed  340  grains  instead  of 
370  with  the  combined  agents  or  complete  manure. 

This  seems  to  indicate  that  lime  plays  only  a  secondary  part, 
but  practice  obtains  very  good  effects  from  its  use. 

Substitute  sand  and  humus  (vegetable  mould)  for  sand  without 
lime,  the  yield  remains  the  same,  340  grains  —  the  humus  has  no 
action  either  useful  or  injurious,  but  if  we  add  the  lime  (in  the 
state  of  carbonate)  in  this  same  experiment,  the  yield  rises  to  493 
grains. 

The  seed  being  equal  to  1 ;  the  crop  with  complete  manure 
equals  23;  less  nitrates,  8.83;  less  potash,  6.57;  less  phosphate 
of  lime,  0.77  and  died;  less  lime,  21.62;  add  humus,  33.35. 

The  lime,  which  in  the  absence  of  all  organic  matter,  influences 
the  yield  but  little,  manifests  a  very  decisive  action  in  the  pres- 
ence of  humus.  Humus,  alone,  produces  no  effect. 

These  experiments  show  that  to  produce  plants,  the  soil  must 
contain,  in  a  condition  suitable  for  plants,  nitrates,  phosphate  of 
lime,  potash  and  lime,  and  to  assure  the  benefit  of  the  lime  the 
presence  of  humus  is  indispensable. 

It  will  now  be  seen  why  agricultural  experiments  made  upon 
soils  more  or  less  fertile  have  not,  and  cannot  lead  to  any  practi- 
cal conclusion. 

If  an  agriculturist  had  the  idea  of  adding  to  a  field  already  con- 
taining phosphate  of  lime,  a  manure  containing  nitrogenous  mat- 
ter, potash  and  lime  he  would  obtain  a  magnificent  harvest  —  he 
would  sound  the  praises  of  his  manure.  Others,  trying  the  same 
experiments,  upon  fields  which  happen  to  contain  no  phosphate  of 
lime,  will  be  sadly  disappointed,  as  this  manure  will  lotoer  the 
yield,  and  will  be  injurious,  unless  accompanied  by  phosphate  of 
lime. 

We  have  seen  that  four  essential  agents  are  sufficient  to  assure 
fertility  of  soils,  and  that  the  suppression  of  one  of  them  lowers 
the  yield  to  a  very  important  extent.  If  a  soil  is  naturally  provi- 
ded with  phosphates,  its  suppression  in  the  manure  will  produce 
no  bad  effect.  Whenever  the  manure  without  phosphates  pro- 
duces a  crop  equal  to  that  which  does  contain  it,  we  may  conclude 
that  the  soil  is  naturally  provided  with  it.  The  same  holds  good 
in  regard  to  lime,  potash  and  nitrates.  Cultivate  the  same  soil 
with  manure  deficient  in  each,  and  according  as  they  produce  good 


8 


or  bad  crops,  draw  your  conclusions  a>  to  the  presence  or  absence 
of  these  agents  of  fertility. 

This  new  method  banishes  all  hypothesis,  as  it  rests  upon  the 
following  facts,  proved  by  experience,  \\Y.  : 

1.  Minerals  and  assimilable  nitrates  produce  good  crops  every- 
where ;  used  seperately,  they  are  always  without  effect. 

2.  Lime  is  useful  only  in  presence  of  humus. 

'}.  Lime  and  humus  produce  great  effects  only  in  presence  of 
minerals  and  nitrates. 

This  method  adapts  itself  to  all  the  wants  of  the  farmer,  since, 
it  is  sufficient  to  scatter  a  few  handsfull  of  a  known  fertilizing  ma- 
nure upon  a  field  to  indicate,  at  the  time  of  harvest,  what  the  soil 
contains,  what  it  wants  and  'consequently  what  must  be  added  to 
it  to  render  it  fertile. 

It  is  practicable  as  it  requires  no  difficult  manipulation,  no  ap- 
paratus, and  employs  only  the  usual  processes  of  cultivation. 

The  following  are  the  results  obtained  in  three  different  soils, 
compared  with  those  given  by  burnt  sand  under  similar  conditions : 


E 
S 

te  manure. 

COMPLETE  If  AMICE. 

~  c 

o  2 

"o 

.1 

5 

Withou 

1 

|as 

|1 

o 

o 

BI-KXT  SAND  
No.  1 

0 

5* 
4 

11 

2-t 
32 

20 

1C. 

0 
6 

9 
28 

7 

8 
18 

28 

22 

32 

Vo.  2 

Xo.  3  

32 

Reasoning  in  the  same  manner  with  regard  to  the  other  ele- 
ments, it  contains  neither  nitrates,  potash,  nor  lime  since  in  their 
absence  it  is  not  more  fertile  than  burnt  sand;  on  the  other  hand, 
it  contains  traces  of  phosphate  of  lime,  for,  where  it  was  not  add- 
ed, it  yielded  a  light  crop,  while  in  the  sand  the  plants  invariably 
perished. 


9 


The  soil  of  No.  2  contains  humus,  a  little  nitrogenous  matter,  a 
little  potash  and  a  very  small  quantity  of  phosphates. 

The  soil  of  No.  3  is  rich  in  humus,  phosphates,  potash  and 
lime,  but  poor  in  nitrates. 

These  are  positive  data,  which  we  can  employ  in  fertilizing 
soils,  let  us  see  to  what  extent  they  were  verified  in  practice  on  a 
large  scale. 

WHEAT.  — CROP      PEIl      ACRE. 


AVKHAGE    OF    THREE    TEAKS    CHOPS. 


d 

£ 
a 

at 

5 

'5 

| 

« 

2 

s" 

* 

c 

| 

o 

3 

o 
O 

i 

F 

1 

i 

STRAW  

Ibs. 
11,001 

)bs. 
6,952 

Ibs. 
8,580 

Ibs. 
10,117 

Ibs. 
11  059 

(  i  K  \  I  \    

5,903 

3,017 

4,313 

4,721 

4,825 

16,904 

10,509 

12,893 

14,838 

15,  SRI 

This  table  shows  that  without  phosphates  the  crop  was  nearly 
equal  to  that  with  a  complete  manure  —  without  potash,  it  sensi- 
bly diminished :  without  nitrogenous  matter,  it  was  very  inferior. 
The  complete  manure  gives  an  increase  over  that  without  nitrates, 
60  per  cent.;  without  minerals,  31  per  cent. ;  without  potash,  15 
per  cent. ;  without  phosphate,  7  per  cent.  These  results  arc 
almost  exactly  like  those  derived  from  experiments  on  a  small 
scale. 

The  plant,  therefore,  becomes  one  of  the  most  perfect  instru- 
ments of  analysis,  the  only  one  in  the  present  state  of  science, 
capable  of  making  known,  practically,  the  composition  of  soils. 

Burnt  sand  and  complete  manure  without  phosphate  causes  the 
death  of  plants. 

In  the  soil  from  No.  1,  the  same  compound,  gave  a  crop  equal 
to  6,  which  proves  small  quantities  of  phosphate  of  lime  in  the 
soil,  if  one  hundred  -  thousandth  of  phosphate  of  lime  be  added 


10 


to  the  burnt  sand  and  complete  manure,  except  phosphate,  the 
yield  rises  to  6,  showing  with  certainty  the  presence  of  one  hund- 
red thousandth  of  phosphate  of  lime  in  the  soil  of  No.  1. 

The  accuracy  of  this  method  in  relation  to  the  other  elements  is 
no  less  remarkable.  Three  ten -thousandths  of  potash  cause  the 
yield  to  pass  from  8  to  32.  One  ten  -  thousandth  of  lime,  in 
presence  of  humus,  raises  it  from  12  to  24.  We  arc  then  in 
possession  of  a  means  of  analysis,  the  perfection  of  which  yields 
in  no  respect  to  the  mcst  delicate  processes  of  the  chemical  labo- 
ratory, the  results  of  which  are  verified  exactly  by  cultivation  on 
large  scale,  capable,  consequently,  of  throwing  a  sure  light  upon 
agricultural  operations.  To  put  it  into  practice,  the  agricultural- 
ist will  only  have  to  reserve  some  square  plots  in  a  field,  to  which 
he  will  give  complete  and  partial  manures  of  the  following  com- 
position for  the  surface  of  an  acre  : 


Nitrate    of    Soda.     (Nitro-i 

genous  matter.) j  488  Ibs. 

Carbonate  of  Potash j  352    " 

Phosphate  of  Lime 352    " 

Quick  Lime ;  132    " 


852 

132 


488  lb.«. 


352  Ibs 
132    " 


488  Ibs. 
352    " 

132  Iks. 


4>-'S  Ibs, 
352  " 
352  " 


At  the  harvest  he  will  carefully  note  the  results  obtained,  and 
for  the  following  year  he  will  fix  upon  that  which  his  soil  requires, 
and,  consequently,  upon  that  which  he  must  add  to  render  it  fer- 
tile. Dr.  NICHOLS,  in  his  "Chemistry  of  the  Farm  and  Sea," 
says  the  sulphate  of  magnesia  should  be  added  on  New  England 
soil.  We  can  by  this  method,  ascertain  the  agricultural  proper- 
ties of  soils  and  by  its  aid  construct  true  agricultural  maps,  by 
means  of  experimental  fields  disseminated  through  the  country 
upon  lands  belonging  to  the  different  geological  formations. 

There  exists  four  regulating  agents  par  excellence  in  the  pro. 
duction  of  vegetables :  Nitrogenous  matter,  phosphate  of  lime, 


11 


potash  and  lime.  To  preserve  to  the  soil  its  fertility,  we  must 
supply  it  periodically  with  these  four  substances  in  quantities 
equal  to  those  removed  by  the  crops.  All  arable  land  contains  a 
portion  of  these  necessary  elements.  It  has  been  long  admitted 
that  the  soil  will  not  yield  crops  without  manure,  and  the  best 
manure  found  in  practice  is  the  dunghill 


ANALVSIS  OF  MANURES  FKOM  DIFFERENT  ANIMALS. 


FRESH    EXCREMENT. 

FRESH  URINE. 

| 

eg 

0 

0 

IN  1,000  POl.'NPS. 

5 
tc 

3 

|    ;   I 

s 

2 

£ 

m 

0 

J3 
PH 

| 

cc 

£ 

COW-;.                                  

Ibs. 

5 

*i 

G 
7 

Ibs. 

1 

*  >  .  >• 

Ibs. 

.1.1- 
G 

5J 

Ibs. 

8 

12 
14 

3 

10 

Ibs. 
U 

20 
2 
2 

Ibs. 

lions;:  

SHEEP  

i 

Hoc  .               

Hl'MVN  

Of  100  Ibs.  of  nitrogen,  in  the  food  of  a  cow,  40  are  lost,  48 
remain  in  the  manure,  and  12  goes  to  milk. 

To  obtain  this  manure  we  must  raise  or  keep  stock ;  to  feed  it 
requires  pasture.  If  all  the  crops  are  consumed  on  the  farm  by 
the  animalo,  we  find  in  their  excrements  almost  the  whole  of  the 
phosphates  and  potash  contained  in  their  food.  About  two- 
thirds  of  the  nitrogen  would  be  returned  to  the  soil  in  the  manure, 
the  loss  of  the  other  third  would  impoverish  the  farm  unless  an 
equivalent  be  found  in  clover  which  mostly  derives  its  nitrogen 
from  the  atmosphere.  Thus  the  raising  of  cattle  does  not  sensi- 
bly impoverish  the  farm. 

By  the  use  of  the  new  method  we  may  abolish  the  old  practices 
and  replace  them  by  a  simpler  agriculture,  more  manageable  and 
more  remunerative.  Instead  of,  by  great  care  and  precaution 
maintaininrj  the  fertility  of  the  soil,  we  reconstitute  it  by  means 
of  the  four  agents  pointed  out,  which  can  be  derived  from  the 


12 


great  storehouse  of  nature  and  added  to  the  usual  stock  of  farm 
manure.  No  rotation  of  crops  is  necessary,  no  cattle.  We  pro- 
duce at  will  the  crop  which  best  serves  our  interest  and  export  the 
whole,  if  to  our  advantage.  We  cultivate  the  same  crop  upon  the 
same  soil,  indefinitely,  if  we  desire.  The  soil  IK  merely  a  medi- 
'  um  of  production  in  which  we  convert  at  pleasure  the  four  agents 
in  the  formation  of  plants  into  this  or  that  crop  as  suits  us.  All 
that  is  required  is  to  maintain  these  four  elements  in  sufficient 
proportion  that  the  crops  may  obtain  the  quantity  their  organiza- 
tion demands.  We  hold  the  balance  in  our  own  hands' and  as  one 
of  the  scales  tends  to  rise  we  restore  the  equilibrium  by  loading 
the  other. 

In  the  old  system  the  balance  was  maintained  blindly,  frequent- 
ly one  of  the  useful  elements  failed  and  the  crops  were  also  defi- 
cient. In  the  new,  the  plants  finding  in  abundance  all  they  re- 
quire, always  attain  their  largest  possible  growth;  the  crops  arc 
also  much  more  abundant  as  may  be  seen  by  the  following  table: 

YIELD     PER     ACHE. 


OLD    PRO' 


XKW    PROCESS. 


t  Straw,  8.2SO  ]\)f. ) 

WHEAT,  \  -  11,8*0  Ibs. 

(Grain,  3,630  "     } 

(Straw,  5,414  Ibs.) 

PKAS..  .  \  \   7.010  " 

(Grain,  2,100  "     ) 


KKKTKOOT  ROOT 


(Straw,  lo,2701bs.) 

\VIIKAT,  -  -':;,vjn 

(Grain,    x,2r>0  "     ] 

( Straw,  10,01 4  "     ) 
PEAS...  •{  }•  12,868 

(Grain,    2,849  "     } 

BEKTKOOT  ROOTS, 20,110 


Complete  manure  creates  fertility  everywhere;  but  it  is  not 
necessary  always  and  everywhere  to  have  recourse  to  so  expensive 
a  compound.  By  suppressing  the  nitrates,  the  yield  of  wheat  is 
considerably  reduced,  but  that  of  peas  and  vegetables  is  not  affect- 
ed. Suppress  potash  and  the  yield  of  vegetables  suffers  most : 
phosphate  of  lime,  turnips,  parsnips  and  roots  generally  will  show 
the  worst  effects.  Thus,  in  each  kind  of  crop  there  is  one  ele- 
ment which  exercises  a  more  particular  influence  upon  the  yield. 


(Patent  Office  Report.) 
ANALYSIS    OF    DIFFERENT    CROPS. 


o 

*>  * 

»-    4) 
|'  = 

Fo 

J2 
?Z 

i-1 

WHEAT,  — 

OOKN 

njraui                 

30.00 

* 
13.00 

32.5 

9.G 

46.00 
5.00 
44.9 

7.1 
18.2 
2.G 
46.3 
3.3 
3.5.2 
3.1 
12.(i 
7.G 
33.5 
4.S 
37.6 
7.2 
9.7 

8.4 
13.7 

9.9 

12.00 
3.00 
1.4 
G.6 
7.7 
3.8 
11.2 
2.4 
8.G 
4.1 

7.1 
8.5 

6.9 
8.00 
6.7 
3.G 

8.4 

*>    1* 

4.9 

3.00 
fi.OO 
1.4 
8.00 
3.9 
8.1 
4.2 
9.1 
2.6 
8.1 
2.1 
17.00 
5.t 
54.9 
5.8 
20.00 
11.1 
23.3 
32.8 
50.6 
13.9 

[gtraw          

t  Grain  

0  V.TS  

(  Stalk 

1(3.8 
19.1 

RVK  

(Straw                     .   - 

(  Graiu,  

26.00 
17.2 
19.8 
18.4 
55.8 
28.1 
36.3 
4.7 

00     O 

BARLEY. 

(Straw,             

(  Grain,  

POTATOES  .. 
PE\S   ... 

(Straw             

(Tubers  

I  Tops  .. 

(  Pea*                    

UF  ivs 

(straw,  

53.1 
37.00 

28.7 
55.5 

I4.r, 
21.7 

TURNIPS  .  . 

(  stvaw      

l  Bulb*  

(Tops,  .. 

LUCKRNK. 

The  following  law  will,  therefore,  regulate  the  new  practice : 
Although  the  presence  of  the  four  agents  of  fertility  in  the  soil 
is  necessary  and  indispensable  for  all  plants,  the   necessities  of 
various  cultivations  are  not  the  same  in  regard  to  the  quantities  of 
each  of  these  agents ;    ie. :  each  crop  has  its  leading  one. 

If  we  wish  to  cultivate  a  piece  of  poor  land,  we  begin  by  giving 
it  the  complete  manure  to  create  a  sufficiency  of  the  four  agents 


of  fertility.  We  raise  one  or  t\vo  crops  of  cereals  upon  tins  ma- 
nure ;  then  give,  each  year,  the  dominant  element  of  the  crop  we 
propose  to  raise.  If  we  adopt  a  rotation  of  four  years  with  such 
crops  that,  at  the  end,  has  received  the  four  agents,  we  can  con- 
tinue thus  indefinitely  without  ever  requiring  the  complete  manure. 
The  same  system  is  applicable  to  a  fertile  soil ;  only  we  may  dis- 
pense with  the  first  dose  of  complete  manure,  and  commence  with 
the  dominant  element  of  the  first  crop  we  desire  to  raise. 

If  we  wish  to  continue  the  same  crop  indefinitely,  we  employ 
its  dominant ;  taking  care  to  apply  the  complete  manure  as  soon 
as  a  reduction  in  the  yield  shows  the  necessity  of  so  doing.  By 
these  simple  combinations  we  are  in  possession  of  a  new  method 
of  agriculture  much  more  powerful  than  its  predecessors. 

Formerly,  the  total  matter  placed  by  nature  at  our  disposal  was 
limited;  all  that  the  old  systems  could  do  was  to  maintain  the  fer- 
tility, not  increase  it.  , 

Under  the  influence  of  the  new  method  matters  at  present  with- 
out value,  which  scarcely  serve  as  materials  of  construction  and  of 
which  nature  possesses  inexhaustible  stores,  can  be  converted  into 
vegetable  products,  forage,  to  nourish  the  animals  upon  which  we 
feed  ;  and  cereals,  to  produce  bread,  the  most  valuable  of  our  re- 
sources. 

To  combine  the  agents  of  fertility  which  have  reposed  in  geolog- 
ical strata  since  the  foundations  of  the  earth  were  laid,  to  place 
them  at  the  disposal  of  the  small  farmer,  will  be  to  give  fertility  to 
millions  of  acres  devoted  to  the  small  farmer,  and  create  posperity 
among  millions  occupied  in  agricultural  industry. 

Practical  experience  has  proved  that  with  this  complete  manure 
it  is  possible  to  raise  abundant  crops,  —  that  the  increase  of  yield 
has  been  more  than  three  tons  per  acre.  The  following  results 
show  for  themselves: 

No.  1. — WHEAT.  —  Third  crop  from  the  same  land  without 
fresh  manure  since  the  first  application. 


CKOI'   I'EK    ACKK.  \VITJIOrT  MAXCRK.  WITH   COMPLETE   MANT'RK. 


(Stiaw,....  704  Ibs.) 

No.  1 -  -   807  Ibs. 

(drain,....  1!»8  "  ) 


5,913  Ibs. 
2,464  " 


8,377  Ibs. 


15 


No.   2. — WHEAT.  —  Fourth   crop,  without  fresh   manure  since 
the  first. 


WITHOUT   MAXl'KE.  WITH   COMPLETE   MANTK    . 

(Straw 1.074   Ibs.)  4,G29  Ibs.  • 

No.  2 I  1  ,:;yO  Ibs.  V   6,380  Ibs. 

[Grain,....     310    "    \  1,700    "   ) 

No.  3.  —  COLZA  (a  species  of  Cabbage). — After  two  crops  of 
Barley,  without  fresh  manure. 

sviTHorr  M.vxniE.  WITH  COMPLETE  MAXCRR. 

Straw,..    ..  5,032   Ibs.)  7,700   Ibs.) 

<•  6,952   Ibs.  I  10,110   Ibs. 

Grain, 1,320     "    )  2,410    "     ) 

No.  4.     BEETROOT. 

WITHOl'T   MAXCKE  WITH   COMPLETE    MAXfUE. 

(  Leaves, 14,690  Ibs. )  14,344  Ibs. ) 

ISfil J  V.V.i.:!12  Ibs.  U2.304  Ibs. 

(Roots, 14,filG    "    )  47,960    "    j 

(Leaves, 7,040    "    )  9.GSO  "      ) 

1SG2 1  f  19,090    "  \  31 ,500    " 

(Roots, 12,O^G    "    \  21,820    "    ) 

18G3 Crops  destroyed  by  worms. 

(Leaves,..     ..  6,204  Ibs.)  G.G18  Ibs.  ) 

1864 \  -  22,748    !bs.  }  31,GOSlbs. 

(Roots, 16,544    "    \  24,01)0    "      1 

No.  5.  —  After  two  crops  without  manure. 

COMPLETE   MAXfKE. 

I-eaves, 7,700  Ibs.  ) 

>  38,324   Ibs. 
Roots, 30,G24    "     3 

No.   6.  —  After  three  fine  crops  of  wheat  without  fresh  manure. 

COMPLETE  MAXrUE. 

Leaves, 7,304  Ibs.  ) 

>  44,130  Ibs. 
Roots, 36,826    '•     ) 


GEORGE    E.    WHITE, 

ISO  FRONT  STREET, 

NEW    YORK. 


No,  1  Peruvian  Guano, 
Crushed  Bones, 
Bone  and  Meat, 
Fish  Guano, 
Best  Superphosphates, 
Sulphate  of  Soda, 
Swan  Island  Guano, 
Alta  Vela  Guano, 
Brace's  Fertilizer. 


Geo.  E.  White's  Superphosphate  is  guaranteed  to  contain  over  eleven  per 

cent,  of  Soluble  Phosphoric  Acid,  and  three  per  cent.  Ammonia. 

Price,  $50.00  per  ton. 


No.  1.  Peruvian  Guano  is  sold  at  $61  (gold)  per  ton  of  2,240  Ibs. 


Fall  descriptive  catalogues  sent  to  all  applicants. 

N.  B.  — The  larger  part  of  ray  business  is  in  furnishing  materials  to  manufac- 
tories of  fertilizers. 

G.  E.  WHITE. 


TO 


INSURE  A  LARGE  AND  EARLY  CROP  BY  APPLYING  THE 


ALTA    VELA    PHOSPHATE. 


PRACTICAL  FARMERS  IN  ALL  SECTIONS  OF  THE  COUNTRY  PRONOUNCE 

IT  TO  BE  THE  BEST  FERTILIZER  USED.     IT  CONTAINS 

THREE  PER  CENT.  OF 

AMMONIA; 

AN   AMPLE  QUANTITY   TO   GIVE   ACTIVITY   WITHOUT   INJURY,    AND 
NEABLY  FIFTY  PER  CENT  OF  PURE 

BONE     PHOSPHATE     OF     LIME. 

TOGETHER  WITH  OTHER  VALUABLE  INGREDIENTS. 


It  is  particularly  adapted  for  application  to  Tobacco,  and  the  rapidly  increas- 
ing sales  to  farmers  who  are  using  it  on  general  crops,  with  highly  satisfactory  re- 
sults, is  a  sure  guarantee  of  its  value. 

Price  $56  per  ton  of  ten  bags,  200  pounds  each.    Delivered  at  any  part  of  New 

York  City. 

•  :-t  :..     .,,«  .  i(.    :-fcf,,.;i   [fain  fc;    .    --.  ,  -  :.01.!    • 
Address  all  orders  to 


THE    ALTA   VELA   GUANO   COMPANY, 

No.    57   Broadway,   New    York. 


A  D  I  N  G     NURSERY. 


A  general  stock  grown  on  light  soil,  under  the  personal  care  of  the  proprietor. 
(Send  stamp  by  mail  and  receive  my  illustrated  descriptive  priced  catalogue.) 


JUCUNDA      STRAWBERRY, 

Natural  size,  $1.00  per  dozen,  post-paid.    20  other  varieties  of  Strawberry  plants 
by  the  dozen  or  one  hundred. 

APPLE,  PEAE,  PEACH,  CHERRY,  AND  PLUM  TREES, 

Of  standard  and  dwarf  habit. 

20,000  HARDY  GRAPE  VINES, 

In  large  variety. 

20,000  EVERGREEN  TREES, 

Numerous  hardy  specie-,  6  inches  to  4  feet  high,  and  upwards. 

FLOWERING    SHRUBS,    ROSE,    CLINGING    VINES, 

For  arbors,  &c. 

MAPLE,  ELM,  AND  OTHER  SHADE  TREES, 

Of  various  kinds. 

CURRANT  AND  GOOSEBERRY  BUSHES;  RASPBERRY  AND 
BLACKBERRY  PLANTS,  Ac. 

Of  the  older  varieties  ;  also  the  new  sorts,  claiming  patronage  of  the  public. 

Address  J.  W.  MANNING, 

READING,    MASS* 


TJ  IsT  I  O 


WHITCOMB'S  METALLIC  SPRING-TOOTH 


HORSE   HAY-RAKE. 


The   beat  Horse  Hay -Rake   Known. 


The  subscriber  being  agent  for  the  sale  of  the  above  machines  for  the  following 
towns  :  Hcllis,  Milford,  Merrimack,  Amherst,  Mt.  Vernon,  Lyndeboro',  Greenfield, 
Hancock,  Antrim,  Bcnnington,  Francestown,  New  Boston,  Bedford,  Manchester, 
Goflstown,  Weare,  Deering,  Hillsborough,  Windsor,  Dunbarton,  Bow,  Hooksett,  Al- 
lenstown,  Candia,  and  Deertield,  wonld  take  this  opportunity  to  thank  the  public  for 
the  very  liberal  patronage  of  the  past  six  years  in  which  he  has  been  engaged  in  the 
sale  of  the  Union  Mowing  Machine,  and  would  solicit  a  continuance  of  their  favors, 
nt  the  Union  carries  out  this  year  with  new  and  valuable  improvements,  which  makes 
it  cmo  of  the  best — if  not  the  best — machine  ever  offered  to  the  public. 


R.     M.     ROLLINS,     Agent, 

At     A.    D.    Eastman's    Depot    Store,     Piscataquog, 
MANCHESTER,    1ST.  H. 


r.  s  o, 


FIELD'S     PATENT    EXTENSION 


The  best  Jack  erer  in  use,  which  every  person  having  a  carriage  should  have. 


ROLLINS  &  DODGE,  Proprietors. 
„•  0MAM     ft 


IMPROVED 

PATENT  GO i TAGE 


Claims  superiority  over  others  for  all  seasons  of  the  year,  because  of  an  air-space 
around  the  brood  -  box  which  renders  it  cool  in  the  hottest  days  of  summer,  enabling 
the  bees  to  work  instead  of  clustering  on  the  outside  of  the  hive. 

The  feed  -box  is  so  arranged  that  the  bees  may  be  fed  at  any  time  without  dan- 
ger of  robbery  by  other  swarms. 

The  ventilation  is  such  as  to  prevent  the  collection  of  moisture,  which  causes  the 
loss  of  many  swarms  by  frost  and  mould  in  winter. 

The  air  •  space  about  the  brood  -box  causes  the  bees  to  commence  hatching 
much  earlier  in  the  season,  causing  a  greater  increase  of  bees  as  well  as  honey. 

Portions  of  the  frames  of  the  brood  -  box  may  be  removed  at  any  time  BO  as  to 
raise  queen  bees  and  make  swarms  at  pleasure,  thus  avoiding  their  escape  as  well  as 
the  anxiety  and  loss  of  time  in  watching  for  natural  swarms  to  come  off. 

The  store  honey  may  be  removed  in  large  or  small  boxes,  or  frames  with  ease 
and  safety. 


WILMINGTON,  VT.,  Sept.  30, 1867. 

MR.  E.  P.  FRENCH  —  Dear  Sir :  —  I  thought  I  would  drop  you  a  line  aad  inform 
you  what  luccess  I  have  had  with  your  Patent  Bee  Hive.  I  think  it  the  best  hive  I 
ever  saw.  I  will  give  you  an  account  of  what  I  have  done  in  four  years.  Three 
years  ago  I  wintered  seventeen  swarms  of  bees  and  got  80  pounds  of  surplus  honey. 
The  two  years  I  have  cleared  $250  each  year.  Last  winter  I  wintered  forty  •  six 
swarms,  and  the  past  summer  I  have  had  about  one  ton  of  the  best  of  honey,  and 
thirty -three  swarms  increase,  which  gives  me  now  seventy  -  nine  swarms  of  bees. 
(You  can  figure  the  amount  of  profit  yourself.)  I  have  out -stripped  everything  in 
this  region  as  far  as  I  can  hear.  Yours  truly,  CLARK  HARRIS. 


•«•»         A        •     —     i+rj  T1—  -—  |, ^         .-,         «"•-'-'% 

Address  E.  P.  FRENCH, 

JlEIU'OItJ),    If.  ff. 


.  ^.. ,  £ ' . 

' 

N.  B.  —  Mr.  French  has  a  recipe  for  making  bee  -feed  which  will  not  becomt  can. 
died.    The  recipe  will  be  forwarded  to  any  address  upon  receipt  of  ten  cents. 


AND 

WHEEL     KAKES, 

Acknowledged  to  b«  superior  to  any  other, 
MANUFACTURED  BY 

KNIFFIN    MOWING  MACHINE    COMPANY, 

•WORCESTER,     MASS. 
Send  for  circular. 


TO  FARMERS  AND  GARDENERS. 


•   CRUSHED      BONE, 
GROUND    BONE  AND   BONE  MEAL, 

IN  QUANTITIES  TO  SUIT  PURCHASERS. 


ALSO  THE  BEST  THING  IN  THE  MARKET  FOR 


FOUND  AT 

NORTHBORO'    BONE    MILL, 

1STORTHBQHO',      -      -      -      MASS. 

'^amt 

J.    B.    ROOT. 


R.    J.    P.    GOODWIN'S 

PATENT  IMPROVED  BOX  FLAT-IRON. 

For  Families,  Tailors,  Laundries  &  Manufactories. 

The  great  labor  and  fuel -saving   Invention  of  the  age.    Sy  its  use  more 

ironing  can  be  done,  and  neater  and  better,  in  one  hour, 

than    in  three  hours  by  the  old  tncthoit. 


The  use  of  tJtis   Iron  docs  not  interfere  with  cooking  or  tvashlng,  and 

does  not  require  room  upon  the  top  of  the  stove  to  be 

heated  like  other  irons. 


The  Iron,  as  seen  on  referring  to  the  engraving,  Fig.  1,  consists  of  a  box  with  a 
hinged  cover,  enclosing  a  cast-iron  slug  or  heater,  which  is  placed  on  the  hot  coals, 
heated  red  hot,  and  transferred  to  the  box  by  a  common  poker ;  the  cover  is  closed, 
Fig.  2,  and  the  Iron  is  ready  for  use.  This  Iron  can  be  heated  by  a  parlor  stove, 
chamber  air-tight,  or  wherever  fire  is  to  be  had,  —  a  fact  which  has  never  been  at- 
tained in  the  use  of  common  irons.  By  its  use  you  need  be  troubled  no  more  with 
rasty  irons,  as  the  longer  in  use  the  smoother  the  face  of  the  iron  becomes. 

13  I  R  E  C  T  I  O  1ST  S . 

It  is  better  to  commence  ironing  immediately  after  introducing  your  heater  into 
the  box.  By  this  means  a  uniform!  heat  is  preserved. 

After  finishing  your  ironing,  rub  orer  the  polished  surface  a  cloth  moistened 
slightly  with  sweet  oil,  and  kept  for  that  purpose  ;  place  jour  Iron  in  a  flannel  bag 
or  box,  set  it  away  in  a  dry  closet,  and  your  Iron,  with  proper  care,  will  last  a  life 
time.  Two  of  the  heaters  are  furnished  with  each  Iron,  so  that  one  may  be  heating 
while  the  otherjis  in  use. 


AGENTS  WANTED  TO  SELL  THIS  IRON  IN  EYEEY  TOWN,  CITY  and  STATE 


The  above  Iron  has  been  thoroughly  tested  in  our  Shoe  Manufacturing  Establish- 
ments in  Lynn,  Mass.,  and  has  proved  itself  able  to  press  40  pairs  of  ladies'  boots  in 
25  minutes  without  changing  the  heater,  or  any  interruption  of  the  woak  ;  the  most 
ever  done  by  any  iron  heretofore  were  10  pairs.  We  adopt  and  recommend  it  in 
preference  to  all  others.  *&.« 

WM.  MAXWELL,  Foreman  of  Geo.  W.  Keene  &  Son  ;  GEO.  HOVEY,  Foreman 
of  A.  F.  Breed ;  JOHN  LOW,  Foreman  of  D.  F.  Doak ;  D.  B.  &  C.  BUFFUM. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  New  York  Farmers'  Club,  held  at  the  American  Institute, 
New  York  City,  March  10, 1868,  Goodwin's  Patent  Box  Flat-Iron  was  exhibited  by 
Chas.  M.  Bowman,  Esq.,  and  received  the  highest  praise  for  its  beauty,  simplicity, 
and  practical  merits.  It  was  recommended  as  highly  economical  in  its  use. 

R.  J.  P,  Cf GODWIN  &  CO.,  Manufacturers,  Manchester,  N.  H, 


CLARK'S  COMPOST  and  method  of  chemicalizing  manure  and  tilling  the  soil, 
rendering  the  whole  mass  of  raanur*  about  eqnal  to  the  best  guano  or  superphos- 
phate of  lime,  and  saving  the  farmer  fifty  per  cent,  of  hard  labor  in  tilling  the  soil. 
The  chemicals  cost  about  three  dollars  per  acre,  and  are  all  neat,  clean  and  easily 
produced  in  all  New  England  towns.  This  chemicalized  manure  is  adapted  to  all 
Kinds  of  soil,  especially  light  soil,  and  will  hold  out  when  laid  down  to  grass  fifteen 
or  twenty  per  cent  longer  than  crude  manure  ;  it  is  as  perfect  as  any  thing  can  be 
made  for  all  kinds  of  fruit  trees  and  vines,  giving  them  healthy  growth,  and  inducing 
them  to  fruit  when  all  else  fails.  It  gives  little  or  no  trouble  to  prepare  it,  and  herein 
is  its  great  value.  The  receipt  for  top-dressing,  nnder  my  management,  will  cause 
to  grow,  five  or  six  tons  of  hay  per  acre,  and  using  only  one  cord  of  chemicalized 
manure  ;  it  will  do  the  same  for  all  others  under  like  circumstances.  To  illustrate 
its  effects  on  all  spring  crops,  a  farmer  may  take  twelve  cords  of  crude  manure, 
and  I  will  take  five  or  six  cords  and  chemicalize  it,  and  produce  the  same  result  on 
the  same  quality  of  soil,  and  not  do  but  about  half  the  amount  of  labor  he  does. 
There  must  be  no  fertilizer  put  in  the  hill  where  this  manure  is  used.  It  takes  the 
place  of  the  superphosphate.  To  sum  it  all  up  in  one  sentence,  give  me  an  old 
worn-out  farm,  with  vitality  all  exhausted, and  two  cords  of  crude  manure  per  acre, 
in  the  fall,  and  if  the  next  season  is  medium  for  grass,  I  will  fill  the  old  barn 
with  good  hay,  if  ever  it  was  filled  in  one  year  by  that  farm.  My  seventeen  years' 
experience  was  conducted  on  just  such  a  farm.  F  am  now  prepared  to  impart  the 
information  derived  from  those  experiments  to  all  who  desire  it.  One  receipt  is  for 
top  dressing,  the  other  for  all  spring  crops,  and  are  five  dollars  each.  Any  one  de- 
siring one  or  both  of  them  can  have  them  by  copying  and  signing  the  following  obli- 
gation, with  town  and  state,  sending  it  to  me  together  with  the  money;  or  if  a 
sufficient  number  in  a  neighborhood  desire  me  to  deliver  them  in  person,  please  ad- 
dress me. 

OBLIGATION.  —  We,  the  undersigned,  on  our  honors,  pledge  ourselves  not  to 
divulge  the  secret  of  Clark's  Compost,  or  compound  it  for  any  one  but  for  our  own 
use,  unless  authorized  by  Joaiah  Clark,  its  original  discoverer. 

N.  B.  — The  farmer  and  fruit  man  will  see  by  my  advertisement  I  increase  the 
value  of  the  manure  only  50  per  cent. ;  but  in  reality  I  can  make  one  cord  equal  to 
four  in  its  crude  state,  and  the  material  for  chemicalizing  it  will  not  exceed  three  dol- 
lars per  acre,  and  all  can  do  as  well  with  the  same  care.  I  desire  no  agents,  at  least 
for  the  present.  The  above  statements  are  all  true"  to  the  letter ;  therefore  let 
no  one  be  deterred  from  sending  for  fear  of  purchasing  a  humbug,  for  that  is  an  ar- 
ticle I  never  deal  in. 

These  receipts  are  the  result  of  seventeen  years  careful  experimenting  and  ob- 
servation, wholly  for  my  own  gratification  and  pleasure,  without  any  thought  of 
publishing  them  to  the  world  until  the  fall  of  1867.  The  top  dressing  receipt  will 
enable  a  farmer  to  keep  his  farm  in  grass  without  plowing. 

VOUCHERS.  —  We  have  known  Mr.  CLARK  for  many  years  ;  he  is  a  man  of  good 
standing,  honest  and  responsible ;  he  says  what  he  believes  to  be  true. 

FREDERICK  SMYTH,  Ex -Governor  of  New  Hampshire. 

PHINEHAS  ADAMS,  Agent,  Stark  Mills,  Manchester. 

WATERMAN  SMITH,  Manchester. 

JOSEPH  B.  CLARK,  Ex -Major  of  Manchester. 

JOHN  B.  CLARKE,  Editor  Mirror,  Manchester. 

HON.  DANIEL  CLARK,  Judge  U.  S.  Court,  Manchester. 

l'o»t  Office  address : 

JOSIAH  CLAEK,  Manchester,  N.H, 


SIEEIDS  ! 


THE  CHOICEST  STOCK  OF 


HERDS  GRASS,  CLOVER, 
BROWN   AND   RED  -TOP    SEEDS. 

-  ALSO,  - 

EARLY  SEED   POTATOES, 

OP   CHOICE  VARIETIES, 


-  AND  - 

GARDEN    SEEDS, 

By  the  pound  or  paper,  from  the  best  Growers  in  the  country. 

LO'VvriEIR,      SIEIEIDS, 
GREEN-HOUSE   PLANTS,  &C.,  &C. 

In  fact  you  can  find  everything  the  farmer  or  gardener  wants,  and  the  lowest 
market  prices,  at 

HENRY    C.    MERRILL'S 

Wholesale  and  Hetail  Seed  ai\d  Grocery  Store, 

No.    5     PATTEN     BLOCK, 

MANCHESTER,   N.  H. 


EARLY  GOODRICH  POTATOES. 

The  earliest  and  most  productive  potatoes  in  the  market.  Last  season  one  farmar 
raised  fifty -*ix  pounds  suitable  for  market  from  two  potatot*  which  weighed  eight 
ounces. 

A  few  bushels  for  sale  by 

HENRY    C.    MERRILL, 

No.  5,  Patten  Block, Manchester,  N,  H. 


WHITNEY'S  MUSIC  STORE, 


176  ELM  STREET,  -  -  MANCHESTER,  N.  H. 


,  THE   SfBSCRIBER  IS   SOLB   AGENT   FOR  THE 

WEBER    &   MILLER    PIANO, 

THE  — 

CHURCH  AND  CABINET  ORGAN  OF  PELOUBET 

AND  THE  

CELEBRATED 

AMERICAN    ORGAN 

Of   W.   H.    &    S.    D.    SMITH, 

SO  RAPIDLY  COMING   INTO   FAVOR. 

Pianos  of  all  grades' and  prices,  from  the  leading  Boston  manufactories,  to  sell, 
rent  or  exchange.  Melodeons,  Seraphines,  and  all  kinds  of  wind,  keyed  and  stringed 
instruments ;  Sheet  Music  and  Music  Books  constantly  on  hand ;  new  songs  received 
as  soon  as  issued.  Aim  of  proprietor  to  keep  a 

FIRST  -  CLASS     MUSIC     STORE, 

And  to  sell  his  goods  at  the  lowest  living  rates.  Instruments  tuned  and  repaired. 

I.     S.     TTHITIVE  Y, 

Teacher  of  Vocal  and  Instrumental  Music, 

PROPRIETOR. 


TVA.TIOTVA.L 

SUPER -PHOSPHATE  OF  LIME 

AND 

CHEMICAL    FERTILIZERS, 

MANUFACTURED    BY 

JAMES    H.   STEVENSON    &   CO., 

No.    132    South    Second    Street, 

PHILADELPHIA. 


The  best  and  earliest  (July  16,18(37)  potatoes  were  brought  to  Manchester,  N.  H. 
market  last  year  by  ISAAC  N.  RIDDLE,  Esq.,  of  Bedford,  N.  H.  References  as  to 
quality  and  date  may  be  made  to  Dea.  CHARLES  GAGE,  Bedford,  N.  H. ;  JOHN 
B.  CLARKE,  Esq.,  Editor  of  Mirror,  HENRY  C.  MERRILL,  Esq.,  KIDDER  & 
CHANDLER,  and  other  Grocers,  Manchester,  N.  H. 


They  were  raised  by  the  use  of  the 

NATIONAL    SUPER -PHOSPHATE    OF    LIME, 

For  which  early  orders  to  insure  a  supply  may  be  sent  to 

Mr.  SILAS  A.  RIDDLE, 

BEDFORD,    N.U., 

Or  left  for  him  at  the  office  of 

ISAAC    RIDDLE,  Esq., 

1 93  ELM  STREET, 

MANCHESTER,    N,  H, 


J,  S.  KIDDEE   &   GO,, 

DEPOT   STORE, 


DKALER8  IN 


FLOUR,  GRAIN,  LIME,  CEMENT, 


ALSO,      BAUC  H'S 

COMMERCIAL    MANURES, 

F«r  all  crops  anil  plant*.    Manufactured  fry 

BAUGH  &  SONS, , , . ,  PHILADELPHIA, 

NORTHWESTERN  FERTILIZING  COMFY, 
CHICAGO. 

Baugh's  Raw  Bone  Phosphate, 

Baugh's  Chicago  Bone  Fertilizer, 

Baugh's  Chicago  Blood  Manure, 


For  detailed  description  of  these  articles,  call  or  tend  for  circular. 


COMMISSION    MERCHANTS 

MANCHESTER.    N.  H. 

J.  8.  KIDDEE.  CHA8.  H.  HILL. 


AMOSKEAG   SAVINGS  BANE. 


AMOUNT    OF    DEPOSITS,  $1,943,450.43. 


MOODY  CURRIER,  President  and  Treasurer. 
GEORGE  B.  CHANDLER,  Cashier. 
WM.  B.  LANE,  Book -Keeper. 


This  Sank  hat  paid  its  Depotitors  for  the  last  flve  years  8EVS2f  per 
cent,  compound  interest. 


Regular  dividends,  July  1,  —  once  a  jear.    Surplus  dividends  once  in  five  years. 
March  25, 1868. 


TJ    .A.    3ST    O    ! 


J.  S.  KIDDEB   &    CO., 
DEPOT  STOKE MANCHESTER,  N.  H., 

Have  on  hand,  and  will  sell  at  prices  which  will  suit  purchasers,  in  bulk  or  barrels, 

A    PURE    BIRD    GUANO, 

Warranted  to  contain  by  actual  analysis, 

50    PER    CENT.     OF     BONE     PHOSPHATE     OP    LIMB, 

OB    EQUIVALENT, 

An  article  which  is  highly  recommended  by  persons  who  have  tried  it. 

Testimonials  furnished  by  persons  in  this  vicinity. 
March  24, 1868. 


THE 


NOVELTY    SEWING    MACHINE, 


EMBROIDERING    AND   BRAIDING 

MACHINE. 


LICENSED  BY 


Wheeler  &  Wilson,  and  Singer  Sewing  Machine  Go's. 


It  was  awarded  the  first  Bronze  Medal  at  the  Lowell  State  Fair  above  all  other 
competitors. 

It  is  simple,  cheap,  and  not  liable  to  get  out  of  order;  runs  still,  easy  and  fast, 
and  requires  little  mechanical  skill  to  operate ;  the  needle  is  short  and  straight, 
therefore  less  liable  to  break  than  long  or  curved  needles. 

It  sews   all  Tilnd»   of   Cotton  or   Linen  direct  front   the   original  spool. 

The  seam  it  elastic,  strong,  and  especially  adapted  for  all  work  that  requires  fre- 
quent washing  and  ironing.  Its  beautiful  structure  is  such,  that  though  it  be  cut 
every  third  stitch,  the  cloth  cannot  be  pulled  apart  without  tearing. 

THIS  MACHINE  HAS  A  BRAIDING  ARRANGEMENT, 

A  part  of  the  Machine,  and  not  an  uncertain  attachment,  by  which  the  most  beauti- 
t  it'ul  Embroidering  in  Braid  can  be  made  with  as  little  skill  as  is  required  in  ordinary 
plain  Sewing. 

The  formation  of  the  sticth  is  such  that  it  is  particularly  adapted  for  Embroidering 
in  Silk,  and  the  ease  with  which  the  work  can  be  turned  enables  the  operator  to  work 
out  the  most  intricate  and  elegant  designs. 

It  works  equally  well  turned  either  way ;  has  the  self-adjusting  pressure  foot  and 
underfeed;  is  made  from  the  best  material,  in  the  most  thorough  manner,  and,  with 
proper  care,  will  last  a  lifetime. 

Agents  wanted  to  sell  these  Machines  in  every  state  and  county.  For  terms,  &c., 
address  the  manufacturer. 

W.  S.  HILL, Manchester,  N.  H. 


BOWER'S 

COMPLETE    MANURE. 

MADE    FROM 

SUPER -PHOSPHATE    OF    LIME, 

AMMONIA      AND      POTASH. 

Warranted  free  from  adulteration. 


Contains  the  elements  to  produce  large  crops  of  all  kinds,  and  is  highly  rec- 
ommended by  all  who  have  used  it.  Packed  in  bags  of  200  pounds  each.  Price, 
$56  per  ton  —  2,000  pounds.  Discount  to  dealers. 


DIXON,    SHARPLESS    &    CO., 

39  South  Water  St.,  and  40  South  Delaware  Ave., 

PHILADELPHIA, 


8  OI,  E     A  GENTS, 


i    *.  ,  ....... 

And  for  sale  by  dealers  generally  throughout  the  country. 

Manufactured   by   HENRY  BOWER,    Cliemist, 
PHILADELPHI  A.. 

Orders   received  by  SILAS   A.  RIDDLE,  Esq.,   Bedford,  N.  H. ;    or  left  at  the 
office  of  Mr.  ISAAC  RIDDLE,  193  Elm  Street,  Manchester,  N.  H. 


GOOD  WORK-GOOD  STOCK-FAIR  PRICES 


SMYTH'S  BLOCK. 

1'rintr   anything  from  a,  Wedding  or  Address  Card. 

to  Jlittortf  of  Second  Ifew-Hampshire  Regiment, 

or  other  good-looking  work. 

KEEPS  A   SUPPLY  OF  STANDARD    STATIONERY, 


Hot*   Paper,  ..  Utter   Paper,  .  -  Cap   Paper, 
Billhead    Paper,    Envelopes,    Ac., 


Which  he  furnishes  to  customers,  printed  or  plain,  at  a  very 
•mall  advance  on  wholesale  prices. 


CALL   AND    SEE. 

13,    14,    15,    16,    SMYTH'S  BLOCK,     MANCHESTER,    N.  H. 


"GARNET    CHILI,' 

The  progenitor  of  the  EARLY  ROSE,  which  has  been  selling  this  spring  at  one 
hundrtd  dollar*  ptr  buthtl,— mealy,  fine  flavor  (nearly  equal  to  the  Carolina  pota- 
toes) ,  and  a  very  prolific  bearer. 

A  few  bushels  for  salt  by 

RODNIA  NUTT,  Manchester,  N.  H. 


AGRICULTURAL  WAREHOUSE, 

WO.  1  PATTEN  BLOCK. 


DANIELS    &    COMPANY 

HAVH  IN  STOHK  A  LARGE  STOCK  OP 


Doe  Plows;    Shovels  and  Spades;  Manure  Forks,  square  and 
round  Tine;  Spading  Forks;  Churns,  Davis'  Patent;  Cylin- 
der and  Dash  Churns;  Butter  Moulds;  Cheese  Presses ; 
Cheese  Hoops  and  Baskets;  Cultivators,  Iron  and 
Wood  Frames;     Patent  Harrow  Teeth;   Crow 
Bars;  -Trace   Chains;  Draft    Chains; 
Grindstones ;   Wheelbarrows ; 
Dry  Measures  &c. 


FERTILISERS. 


E.    JFTRA-IVTi:     OOE'S 

SUPER -PHOSPHATE  OF  LIME, 

Uniform  in  quality,  and  itm-jrrellrU  by  any  in  market. 

AMMONIATED      PACIFIC     GUANO, 

POUDRETTE,    PERUVIAN    GUANO, 
BONE       MEAL. 


GRASS,  GARDEN  AND  FIELD  SEEDS, 

In  large  vnriety,  nnd  from  the  most  rvlirttile  ffrotcert. 

EARLY  GOODRICH  POTATOES,  GENUINE. 


.  i 

MANCHESTER,     N.    H. 


